SPERMATOGENESIS

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SPERMATOGENESIS
This is the process of the formation of the sperm cell. It entails the maturation of the spermatogonia down to the mature form (sperm). It occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
# Seminiferous tubules; these are enlarged canals where the stem cell ( spermatogonia) first appear. The stem cells originate from the leydig cells which are found within the basement/ basal wall of the seminiferous tubule.
# Leydig cells; these are the cells that stimulate the production or the appearance of the stem cells (spermatogonia)
# Sertoli cells; As these stem cells migrate through the wall of the seminiferous tubule and into its canal, they come across the sertoli cells which stimulates its maturity by providing it with necessary nutrients and  finally phagocytosizing it at spermatid level to form the sperm
# Epididymis; When the sperm cells arrive the canal, they begin to move into the epididymis- long narrow channels which are continuations of the seminiferous tubules and extend to the vas diferenses. Theepididymis stores the sperm cells and provides it nutrient and necessary conditions to stay alive.
# Vas diferensis; this is a passage way that transfers the mature sperm to the urethra.
+ STAGES OF THE SPERM MATURATION
* Spermatogonia; this is the first stage, the stem cell stage
* Primary spermatocyte; the stem cell differentiates
* Secondary spermatocyte; the primary spermatocyte undergo first meiotic division forming two haploid cells
* Spermatid; the secondary spermatocyte undergo second meiotic division to form four haploid cells
* Sperm cell; the sertoli cells have phagocitised the spermatids and removed their cytoplasm transforming them into mature sperm cells
+ PARTS OF A MATURE SPERM
THE HEAD; This consist of the acrosome and the nucleus. The acrosome has a golgi apparatus that produces enzymes that help to disperse the follicular cells around the corona radiate of the nucleus and also to penetrate the zona pellucid of the egg cell. The nucleus contains the genetic materials like the chromosomes
THE MIDDLE PIECE; this contains mitochondrion which help to supply the tail with energy for its activity
THE TAIL; this has the tail which is used to propel the sperm cell. It also has a smaller narrower tail

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