Gastrointestinal system 1
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 1
Mr Pie rushed down to the general hospital in his town complaining to the doctor about series of difficulties with his digestion. One of the prominent observations made by the doctor was the inability of Pie’s GIT to make coordinated secretions necessary for proper functioning of his stomach. Among the suggested probabilities, the doctor linked his uncoordinated GIT secretions to a likely problem with his enteric nervous system. Mr Pie asked the doctor what he meant by enteric nervous system?
SUMMARY; The enteric nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system which innervates the GIT. It lines the GIT right from the esophagus down to the anus and is mainly concerned with the controlling of the movement and secretions of the GIT. The enteric nervous system is made up of two branches which includes; the Auerbach and Meissner’s plexuses. The Auerbach’s plexus is also called the myenteric plexus, its located in the muscularis externa (in between the circular and longitudinal layer, it controls the motility of the GIT. The Meissner’s plexus is also called the submucosal plexus; it’s located in the submucosal layer and controls the secretions of the GIT.
Miss Evelyn recently went on a date with her long time crush. She was so excited and hoped to have a nice time. While they were talking after meal, she kept coughing. The chicken she had eaten kept coming back from her stomach to her mouth and was interrupting the conversation. She visited the clinic and was diagnosed with Gastroesophageal reflux disease. (GERD)
1. GERD: this simply means bringing back food (that has been mixed with acid in the stomach) to the mouth. It is due to incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter (the stomach first gate remains open)
Symptoms include- change of voice, cough, cancer of esophagus, etc.
2. Esophageal Achalasia: this is the accumulation of food in the oesophagus. To understand how serious this disease is, just imagine if all the food you've been eating has been staying in your throat, you probably won't be reading this right now.
It is due to failure of UOS to open. Stomach's first gate remains closed. Food then accumulate in the oesophagus.
Symptoms include- chest pain, weight loss, cough, etc.
SUMMARY
Deglution means swallowing of substances from mouth to stomach and involves 3 stages i.e. oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal stages. (mnemonic- OPO)
Oesophageal stage of deglutination
Is a purely reflex stage controlled by the swallowing centre. After the upper oesophageal sphincter opens to allow the passage of the bolus, it constricts. Then movement of the bolus is controlled by 2 sets of peristaltic wave. The first is the primary peristaltic wave which is the continuation of the pharyngeal peristaltic wave and passes the entire length of the oesophagus in 8-10 seconds. The second wave, the secondary peristaltic wave is initiated by the myenteric plexus if the first peristaltic wave doesn’t completely empty the stomach and lasts until the food is completely cleared from the stomach.
Download the full PDF file to see our write up on :
*A short note on enteric nervous system
* A short note on the organization of the GIT
* Deglutition and it's clinical relevance
* Summary of Zollinger Ellison syndrome
* Digestion and absorption of yam
* Absorption of digestive products of yam
* Mechanisms of the secretion of pancreatic juice
* Gastric cells and their secretions
Mr Pie rushed down to the general hospital in his town complaining to the doctor about series of difficulties with his digestion. One of the prominent observations made by the doctor was the inability of Pie’s GIT to make coordinated secretions necessary for proper functioning of his stomach. Among the suggested probabilities, the doctor linked his uncoordinated GIT secretions to a likely problem with his enteric nervous system. Mr Pie asked the doctor what he meant by enteric nervous system?
SUMMARY; The enteric nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system which innervates the GIT. It lines the GIT right from the esophagus down to the anus and is mainly concerned with the controlling of the movement and secretions of the GIT. The enteric nervous system is made up of two branches which includes; the Auerbach and Meissner’s plexuses. The Auerbach’s plexus is also called the myenteric plexus, its located in the muscularis externa (in between the circular and longitudinal layer, it controls the motility of the GIT. The Meissner’s plexus is also called the submucosal plexus; it’s located in the submucosal layer and controls the secretions of the GIT.
Miss Evelyn recently went on a date with her long time crush. She was so excited and hoped to have a nice time. While they were talking after meal, she kept coughing. The chicken she had eaten kept coming back from her stomach to her mouth and was interrupting the conversation. She visited the clinic and was diagnosed with Gastroesophageal reflux disease. (GERD)
1. GERD: this simply means bringing back food (that has been mixed with acid in the stomach) to the mouth. It is due to incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter (the stomach first gate remains open)
Symptoms include- change of voice, cough, cancer of esophagus, etc.
2. Esophageal Achalasia: this is the accumulation of food in the oesophagus. To understand how serious this disease is, just imagine if all the food you've been eating has been staying in your throat, you probably won't be reading this right now.
It is due to failure of UOS to open. Stomach's first gate remains closed. Food then accumulate in the oesophagus.
Symptoms include- chest pain, weight loss, cough, etc.
SUMMARY
Deglution means swallowing of substances from mouth to stomach and involves 3 stages i.e. oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal stages. (mnemonic- OPO)
Oesophageal stage of deglutination
Is a purely reflex stage controlled by the swallowing centre. After the upper oesophageal sphincter opens to allow the passage of the bolus, it constricts. Then movement of the bolus is controlled by 2 sets of peristaltic wave. The first is the primary peristaltic wave which is the continuation of the pharyngeal peristaltic wave and passes the entire length of the oesophagus in 8-10 seconds. The second wave, the secondary peristaltic wave is initiated by the myenteric plexus if the first peristaltic wave doesn’t completely empty the stomach and lasts until the food is completely cleared from the stomach.
Download the full PDF file to see our write up on :
*A short note on enteric nervous system
* A short note on the organization of the GIT
* Deglutition and it's clinical relevance
* Summary of Zollinger Ellison syndrome
* Digestion and absorption of yam
* Absorption of digestive products of yam
* Mechanisms of the secretion of pancreatic juice
* Gastric cells and their secretions
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