A Short PDF on clinical correlates of the cardiovascular system

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CLINICAL CORELLATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. During pregnancy of Mrs Ade, ultrasound scan was carried out on the baby and an abnormal 
heart beat (ARRHYTHMIA) was discovered. Further scans [MRI and x-ray] were carried out. After 
the birth of the baby, it was discovered that the baby had bluish lip, skin & fingers, also low birth 
weight, feeding and breathing difficulties. It was concluded that the symptoms were as a result 
of early heart structure development problems which interfered with the flow of blood. The 
disease was confirmed to be CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE which could result from lots of factors 
i.e. infection in mother during 1st trimester, congenital defect of foetus body and could be 
hereditary. Since the disease was not serious enough for HEART TRANSPLANT or 
CATHETERIZATION (a medical procedure in which a tube is directed to the heart through a part 
of the body to administer treatment or make diagnostic tests) medications were prescribed for 
Mrs Ade.
2. VENOUS DISEASES include; SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITISIS an inflammatory condition of 
the veins due to a blood clot just below the surface of the skin. It can result from pregnancy, 
infections, obesity, smoking etc. and can cause redness and inflammation of skin, hardening of 
vein, pain in skin and limb. Warmth can be applied to lesson pain and in case of varicose vein, 
the vein can be surgically. When clot is formed deep and farther in blood vessel it becomes 
DEEP THROMBOPHLEBITITIS characterised by CYANOSIS (bluish skin) which carries the risks of 
PULMONARY EMBOLISM (when the clot detaches from its place of origin and travels to the lung) 
and CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY (impaired outflow of blood through the veins), resulting 
in dermatitis, increased skin pigmentation and swelling.
VARICOSE VEINS are twisted, swollen veins near the surface of the skin and occur when weak or 
defective valves allow blood to flow backward or stagnate within the vein. Chronic obstruction 
of the veins causes varicose veins, but in most cases no underlying abnormality can be identified 
and it usually has no consequence. 
Walking, wearing low heels, losing weight can prevent cure venous diseases. Clot dissolving 
agents, anti-clotting drugs could be used for thrombophlebitisis while sclerotherapy (scarring 
and closing), surgical ligation (tying) and removal of varicose vein can be done 
3. Inflammation or irritation of the pericardium [the outer thin sac surrounding the heart] causing 
pain due to the irritated layers of pericardium rubbing together is termed PERICARDITIS.
4. THE Sad £459 STORY OF MR AJAYI. Mr Ajayi lost his wife and kids to a ghastly accident. <Narrator
sobs> Due to the emotional stress he resolved to cocaine. After a period of time he discovered 
he couldn't walk over a long period at a stretch. Taking the advice of Mr Paul, he went to TOSIN 
MEGA HOSPITAL (TMGH) and on examination, abnormal heart rhythm was discovered and also 
his coronary artery was partially blocked by plaques made of cholesterol and fat
[ATHEROSCLEROSIS] which led to ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 

Comments

  1. Unknown19 August 2016 at 13:21

    you just saved me from the stress of spending hours to cram clinical correlates. I now understand some clinical part of CVS. Thanks to med-mentors

    ReplyDelete

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